Questions after the poster gallery :)
Ive found out more about it.

How is lactic acid removed from the body?
The extra oxygen so consumed during the recovery period is called the "oxygen debt," and it corresponds to the oxidation in the liver and heart of some of the excess lactic acid formed during maximal muscular activity. The remainder of the excess lactic acid accumulating in the blodd during the sprint is converted to glycogen in the liver;the extra ATP required is derived from the portion of the lactic that is oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver.

What is metabolism?
It is a step-by-step modification of the initial molecule to shape it into another product. This results can be used in one of three ways such as to be stored by the cell, to be used immediately, as a metabolic product or to initiate another metabolic pathway, called a flux generating step.

What is metabolic pathway?
It is series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by chemical reactions. Enzymes catalyzw these reactions, and often require dietry minerals, vitamins, and other confactors in order to function properly. Because of the many chemicals that may be involved, pathways can be quite elaborate. In addition, many pathways can exist within a cell. This collection of pathways is called the metabolic network. Pathways are important to the maintenance of homeostasis within an organism,

What i learnt?

Anabolic means to build up
Catabolic means to break down.

Points that i want to lean more about.
Plants who cant reach light are able to use infrared light to photosynthesize.
what infrared light ? why can infrared light reach the plants? and does infrared light affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Question Of The Dayyy!

Question:A plant that receives the nutrition it needs will continue to live. But what if we took all its oxygen away? Do you think the plant can still grow? Why?

Answer:If there is sunlight...

Yes, the plant can still grow as it uses carbon dioxide+water under light energy+chlorophyll to produce glucose+oxygen+water (process: photosynthesis). Thus, photosynthesis is able to produce oxygen to sustain the plant from breathing to continue to live.

If there isn't any sunlight...

No, the plant cannot survive as it does not have any oxygen to breathe in even if the plant had excess sucrose(starch) stored in itself. They still won't be able to survive as they have no oxygen to breathe in to carry on with their normal body functions.

Plant Respiration

During respiration a plant releases energy through chemical reactions. This results in the break down of sugar into oxygen, to carbon dioxide.
Respiration is basically the opposite of photosynthesis because it uses energy and photosynthesis stores energy. It uses food instead of producing food. It uses carbon dioxide instead of oxygen and it does not require light.

The previous answers could be misleading. During respiration (in plants and animals) energy is released from sugar (glucose) by a series of chemical reactions. The sugar is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a process which uses oxygen, not into oxygen.
Respiration is the chemical opposite of photosynthesis because it releases energy, using up food and oxygen and producing carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis requires energy (light) and produces food, using up carbon dioxide and producing oxygen.Unfortunately, breathing and respiration often get confused. Respiration is the release of energy from food. Breathing is the process of obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide, usually using lungs or gills. So in one sense plants don't breathe at all, although they do respire!

There are two types of Respiration:
>Aerobic Respiration
>Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration is a process of cellular respiration that uses oxygen in order to break down molecules, which then release electrons and creating energy. In the process, aerobic respiration creates a substance known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This is responsible for storing and carrying most of the energy to other body cells, thus making life as we know it possible.Aerobic respiration takes place in almost all living things. It is easy to get rid of the Carbon Dioxide and excess water; this is excretion (the removal of the toxic waste products of metabolism), and maximum energy is released from the glucose. The other type of cellular respiration is known as anaerobic respiration.

Further Explanation

When an animal eats food or when a plant makes its own energy through photosynthesis, that food is broken down into its most basic form of sugars. Those sugars are useless to the body in that form, however. Therefore, a process of releasing the sugars contained in the food is needed in order to be used as energy by a cell. While oxygen may not be needed at the beginning of this process, in aerobic respiration it will be needed so that the process can be completed.

There are two main byproducts of aerobic respiration. Because cellular structures are being changed with the transfer of electrons, there are chemical changes that go along with cellular respiration. The two main products coming from such respiration are water and carbon dioxide.

Aerobic respiration is often described as being broken down into three main stages, though depending on how detailed one wants to get, there could be many more. The first major stage is called glycolysis. It is at this point ATP is created, as are carbon molecules, called pyruvate or pyruvic acid, and some molecules known as NADH.

The second stage is known as Kreb's cycle. This takes some of the carbon not used in the first stage and puts them through another series of complex chemical reactions, creating more NADH and molecules known as FADH2. The third step is a process known as electron transport phosphorylation. This creates even more ATP for use by converting those other molecules for that purpose. Along the way, as NADH is produced, carbon dioxide is created as a waste product.

Oxygen is used as a receptor for electrons in aerobic respiration, as it makes a good receptor for electrons. Once the oxygen receives the electrons, it then converts them into water. This is done so that electrons do not build up in the ATP, which could cause problems. For cells that use anaerobic respiration instead of aerobic respiration, lactic acid is produced in the place of water.

What is Lactic Acid?

Lactic acid is a chemical structure made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a chain-like form. It is also known as milk acid. The related substance lactate is produced in the body during a chemical reaction, but lactic acid doesn’t form under such simple conditions.

Read more about Lactic Acid - How to Prevent Lactic Acid by 24 Hr Fitness

Lactic acid is a chemical structure made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a chain-like form. It is also known as milk acid. The related substance lactate is produced in the body during a chemical reaction, but lactic acid doesn’t form under such simple conditions.

Read more about Lactic Acid - How to Prevent Lactic Acid by 24 Hr Fitness

Anaerobic Respiration

In plant and animal cells, a process in which energy is released from food molecules such as glucose without requiring oxygen. Some aerobic plants and animals are able to use anaerobic respiration for short periods of time. For example, during a sprint, human muscles can respire anaerobically. Unfortunately, lactic acid is produced and accumulates until the muscles cannot continue working. Anaerobic respiration in humans is less efficient than aerobic respiration at releasing energy, but releases energy faster . This explains why humans can run faster in a sprint than over longer distances. When humans stop after a sprint, they have to continue breathing more heavily for a while. This is to take in ‘extra’ oxygen in order to break down the accumulated lactic acid on top of the ‘normal’ breakdown of sugar in aerobic respiration. The body is paying back the oxygen debt built up during the sprint. The process of anaerobic respiration for production of energy can occur in either of the ways represented below:

Glucose (Broken down to) →Energy (ATP) + Ethanol + Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Glucose (Broken down to) →Energy (ATP) + Lactic acid


THE DIFFERENCE

>Aerobic Respiration
-Large amount of energy release
-No side effects

>Anaerobic Respiration
-Little amount of energy release
-Produce lactic acid
-Incomplete breakdown of Glucose+Oxygen

It should be noted that both aerobic and anaerobic respiration are capable of producing energy. Cells that even normally use aerobic respiration may be able to use the other form not requiring oxygen if needed. This can usually be done only for a short period of time, however.

★ RESPIRATION.
Experiment demostrated by teacher in class today.

Procedure:
1) Put and equal amount of hydrogen carbonate indicator into 3 test tubes.
2) Put 40 mealworms into 1 test tube and 20 into another.
( To indicate that respiration has taken place, the hydrogen carbonate indicator will turn yellow and if respiration had not taken place (no carbon dioxide) it will remain purple in colour. )
3)A test tube without any mealworm was passed around in the class and we had to blow directly(for carbon dioxide) into it for 5 minutes.
4) Leave mealworms in test tube for respiration to take place for 40minutes.
5) Observe colour change in the hydrogen carbonate indicator.

Results:
1) In the test tube where there was 40 mealworms, it was yellowish and had the brightest red in colour.
2) In the test tube where there was 20 mealworms, it was yellowish red in colour.
3) In the test tube where we were breathing into, it was the darkest red in colour.

Conclusion:
This shows that the 40 meal worms had produced the most carbon dioxide and it also shows that the more amount of meal worms respiring, the more the carbon dioxide is produced. The amount of time also affects the experiments, the longer the experiment the more the carbon dioxide produced.

Experiment error: The mealworm was respiring for a longer period of time thus it would have produced a higher amount of carbon dioxide compared to the test tube that we were breathing into for only 5 minutes.

★ What is the best conditions for photosynthesis in the science lab?

Factors:

• heavy metal/rock music


• having enough sunlight/blue artificial light


• enough chlorophyll


• around 37oC in temperature


• no tracing paper blocking


• a slightly acidic pH value of 5.6 and 6.2


• higher amount of oxygen in the water


• sugar water ( for water plants )

Aim: To see if pH value will affect the rate of photosynthesis.

Hypothesis: Plants can photosynthesis in a slightly acidic medium.

Approach : Put 2 teaspoon of sodium hydrogen carbonate in each beaker. Put hydrochloric acid in beaker labelled acid and put sodium hydroxide in beaker labelled alkaline. Place 1 hydrilla in each beaker and submerged it fully.

Apparatus:

1. 3 beakers


2. 3 oxygen censors


3. 1 data logger

Materials:

1. 2 plastic teaspoons


2. hydrochloric acid


3. sodium hydroxide


4. 2 pH indicator strips


5. sodium hydrogen carbonate


6. 3 hydrillas

Variables:

Constant: Amount of water, number of hydrilla in each beaker and the type of beaker.

Changing: Type of water (acid, alkaline, neutral)

Measurable: Amount of oxygen released.

Procedures :

1. Prepare 3 beakers filled with three quarter of water.


2. Label the beakers (acid,alkaline,neutral)


3. Drip dilute hydrochloric acid into the beaker labelled acid and measure and ensures its pH value is 2.


4. Drip dilute sodium hydroxide into the beaker labelled alkaline and measure and ensures its ph value is 11.


5. Put 2 teaspoons of sodium hydrogen carbonate into each beakers.


6. Place 1 hydrilla into each beaker and ensure that it is fully submerged.


7. Put them under the light for 10 minutes and measure the amount of oxygen in every 5 minutes intervals.


8. Record the amount of oxygen released every 5 minutes interval for the 3 beakers.
   

Results:

photos : After ten minutes and after 5 minutes.

Discussion:

We realised that there are experimental errors as in theory through research, the optimum pH for hydrilla is between 5.6 and 6.2 and that pH of 3 may kill the hydrilla but our results showed that the more acidic it is the higher the rate of photosynthesis.

Further discussions :

• Determine how much hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution at first.


• Prepare enough time to do the experiment.

Conclusion:

Therefore in water of pH value between 5.6 and 6.2, the rate of photosynthesis is the highest for hydrilla.